Topic outline
topic 1 les mots interrogatifs
les interrogatifs
we use these words to form questions. ''quel which is translated 'which' or 'what' according to the context,is however different from most others because it depends on number and gender of a word refereed to. we therefore have 4 different kinds of 'quels' e.g
quel : is masculine and singular eg quel garcon est un peu beau?
quelle: is feminine and singular e.g a quelle heure part le train?
quels : is masculine and plural e.g quels garcons sont les tienne?
quelles: is feminine and plural e.g quelles filles sont les tienne?
- use the interrogatives words to form your own sentences.use one word twice and translate what you have written in french to English
for example
combien de frères avez vous? = how many brothers do you have?
use
1.combien
2. comment
3.quel
4.quelle
5.quels
6.quelles
7.Est-ce que
8.pourquoi
9.qui
10.où
11.quand
- use the interrogatives words to form your own sentences.use one word twice and translate what you have written in french to English
Topic 2
topic 2 les articles
every noun in french has a gender .. either masculine or feminine. so in other to put the correct article for a noun,one must first know whether that noun is masculine or feminine.
However there are some endings that could help one to decide on which article to place on a noun,e.g nouns ending with -tion, -sion, and sometimes vowels are usually feminines, while nouns ending with -ment ,-age and most of the times consonants are usually masculine.
the article 'the' in English has 5 significance in french
la=the (feminine and singular
le=the(masculine and singular
les= the (plural) whether masculine or feminine
l' = the ( when the singular word starts with a vowel ..whether masculine or feminine
all these la,le,les et l' are direct articles
for indirect articles we have 3 e.g
un = a (for masculine words
une =a ( for feminine words even those that starts with a vowel
des=some ( for plural words whether masculine or feminine
les examples
definates
la fille = the girl
le garcon=the boy
les filles et les garcons = the boys and the girls
l'ecole = the school
indefinates
un garcon =a boy
une fille = a girl
des filles et des garcons = some girls and some boys
Topic 3
topic 3 le 29/10/2021
gender and number of words
like we have seen with the articles, the determiner can guide us determine whether a noun is masculine or feminine. how over there are some endings that can help us decide which gender a noun is even though this is not the case in every noun. nouns ending with -tion, -sion and - é and most of the vowels are usually feminine while nouns ending with m-ment, -age and consonants are usually masculine.
when a masculine noun ends with a vowel, we normally add another 'e' to make it feminine, but whn its that noun is already feminine the spelling does not change
eg.un empoloyé / une employée
un étudiant /une étudiante
plurals are usually seen by s or x. however there are some nouns that end with 's' even in singular for..in those cases a determine will guide a person whether that word is singular or plural.
e.g un fils les fils
un bras les bras
un animal les animauxTopic 4
topic 4
the possessives adjectives are used to indicate 1. possession eg its my car =c'est ma voiture.
2.to show relation between people eg je te présente mon frère = i presente you my broyher
3. relation between things, peon and places. eg mon appartement est à Lyon.
Like we have already said in previous topics , even with possessive adjectives we still consider the gender and the number of a noun before putting an adjective. this means we have feminine ,masculine and plural possessives and with the plurals, it does not matter whether the noun is masculine or feminine ..as long as is plural, the possessive does not change. if the noun starts with the vowel or H ,even if the noun is feminine we use a masculine adjective.
possesseur feminine singular masculine singular plural
je ma mon mes
tu ta ton tes
il et elle sa son ses
nous notre notre nos
vous votre votre vos
ils et elles leur leur leurs
Eg j'ai une veste.....= c'est ma veste veste feminine and singular hence why we used (ma)
mon chien est perdu chien masculine and singular (mon)
nos amies sont intelligents amies plural (nos)
that is ,before we put a possessive we look at who is talking and what is he /she talking about..is it sngular or plural,or masculine or feminine?
Topic 5
le 17/11/2021
les prépotions de lieu
à , en , au, et aux
' à' is translated as 'at or to' according to the context and is used for towns..eg je vais à maseru or à paris.
' en' is translated at, in, to, into according to the context and is used for countries that are feminine and countries that are masculine but starts with a vowel .eg en france
en Egypt
ils vont en france la semaine prochane.
'au' is used for masculine countries...eg au lesotho
au kenya
je suis née au Kenya.
'aux' is used for plural countries. eg aux Etats - Unis
aux pays-bas
eg Elle va aux Etats- unis cette année.
NOTE. i will send you an exercise on our whatsup group.. submit before Monday the 22 at 1900
Topic 6
la negation
negation is saying no or disagreeing with something or a statement . e.g i eat too much of bananas. je mange beaucoup de bananes.
negation... i do not eat too much of the bananas......je ne mange pas beaucoup de bananes
negation has something like a formula in french..that is the verb is between ne and pas.... we have the subject + ne +verb + pas + object
e.g je(sub)ne mange(verb) pas beaucoup de bananes(obj)
the verb must always be conjugated before being used in the sentence and the indefinate articles are replaced by (de)
e.g j'ai un frère will be je n'ai pas de frère.
contact me on whatsup for questions.. in also going to give you work which is due the 21 /11/2021 at 1900 hrs..note that i will not mark any work that will be submitted after that time.
topic 7 l'imparfait
1l 15/12/2021
l'imparfait is closely equivalant to past continuous tense in english.it is conjugated the same to all verbs except être.. we must first congugate a verb in the present tense and then remove the ending and use the stem that remains after taking out the ending (ons)
it is used to describe events that were in the process of happening or things that used to happen often.for example; hier j'étais en vacances ( yesterday i was on holiday) or chaque samedi il regardait le foot ( every saturday he watched soccer)
the ending of impefect
1st singular -ais
2nd - ais
3rd -ait
1st p plural - ions
2nd - iez
3rd - aient
etre and avoir are the two verbs that are used mostly in l'imperfait (imperfect) the stem of être is' ét ' like i already said that it is an exception one, we use the second person plural not the first like with all other verbs.
etre in the present sense is =vous êtes
then remove the ending (es and add the ending of imperfect accordingly
eg j'étais
tu étais
il/elle était
nous étions
vous étiez
ils/elles étaient
work
conjugate these verbs on l'mperfait
avoir
parler
habiter
conjugate in all the persons and submit on Monday at 1900